COVID-19 and the Neoliberal Resilience of Food Provision in Istanbul Non-Regulation and Agility in the Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Markets
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Oct 30, 2023
Atakan Büke
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-8372
Abstract
This research examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Istanbul fresh fruit and vegetable provisioning between March and September 2020. In line with global trends, the measures taken within the scope of the pandemic were expected to cause disruptions in various provision channels. Apart from the logistic problems experienced in the first couple of weeks of the pandemic, we observed that there was no severe crisis in the fresh fruit and vegetable provision systems of Istanbul in 2020. Based on our fieldwork conducted between June and September 2020, we attribute this resilience to two key factors: (1) the non-regulation and ineffective control of pandemic measures, allowing actors to operate without major constraints, and (2) the agility of provision actors in adapting to various channels and positions. By exploring these dynamics, we aim to contribute to discussions on neoliberal resilience, emphasizing the importance of reclaiming the concept of resilience without reinforcing the hegemony of the neoliberal agrifood system.
How to Cite
Büke, A., Tatarİ, M. F. and Doğan, O. (2023) “COVID-19 and the Neoliberal Resilience of Food Provision in Istanbul: Non-Regulation and Agility in the Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Markets”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. Paris, France, 29(2), pp. 83–103. doi: 10.48416/ijsaf.v29i2.531.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
Fresh Fruit and Vegetables, Food Provisioning, COVID-19 Pandemic, Wholesale market, Resilience
References
Abadie LM, Sainz de Murieta E and Galarraga I (2016) Climate risk assessment under uncertainty: an application to main European coastal cities. Front. Mar. Sci. 3:265. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00265.
Altieri MA and Nicholls CI (2020) Agroecology and the reconstruction of a post-COVID-19 agriculture. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47(5): 881-898.
Akpınar MG, Özkan B, Atalay OM, and Kızılay H (2009) Tüketicilerin yas sebze meyve tedarik kanalı seçimi: Modern (süper-hipermarket) perakendeciler. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22(2): 211–221.
Atasoy Y (2013) Supermarket expansion in Turkey: Shifting relations of food provisioning. Journal of Agrarian Change 13(4): 547–570.
Axe K (2022) Neoliberal Resilience: lessons in democracy and development from Latin America and Eastern Europe. Journal of Baltic Studies 53:4, 635-637, DOI: 10.1080/01629778.2022.2132009
Aydın Z (2010) Neo-Liberal transformation of Turkish agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change 10 (2): 149–87.
Aydın Z (2001) Yapısal uyum politikaları ve kırsal alanda beka stratejilerinin özellestirilmesi: Söke’nin Tuzburgazu ve Sivrihisar’ın Kınık Köyleri örnegi. Toplum ve Bilim 88: 11-31.
Aysu A (2020) Tarım gündemi... Abdullah Aysu: Korona kıtlık getirebilir, acil tedbir alınmalı. Gazete Duvar, 27 March 20. Available at: (accessed on 13rd of May 2023).
Aysu A (2022) Kıtlık kapımızda. Politika Haber, 1 February, 22. Available at: https://politikahaber.com/yazar-abdullah-aysu-kitlik-kapimizda/ (accessed 15 May 2023).
Bakıner 0 (2020) Korona günlerinde ölümün yönetimi. Toplum ve Bilim 152: 134-140.
Boratav K (2009) Tarımsal fiyatlar, istihdam ve köylülügün kaderi. Mülkiye 33(262): 9-23.
Büke A (2020a) COVID-19 kosullarında gıdayı yeniden düsünmek: Tablo karanlık fakat iyimser olmak için yeterince neden var!. Metro Gastro 98: 17-21.
Büke A (2020b) COVID-19 ve küresel tarım-gıda sistemi: Egilimler, sorunlar, olanaklar. Yerkürenin Sesi, 25 April 20. Available at: https://yerkure.org/kuresel_tarim_gida_sistemi/ (accessed 12 February 2023).
Chamber of Environment Engineers Istanbul Office (2023) Istanbul çevre durumu raporu. Report, Available at: https://api.cmo.org.tr/uploads/contents/2023-05-6-13-18-24-131846.pdf (accessed 10 February 2023).
Clapp J (2012) Food. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press: Polity
Clapp J and Moseley WG (2020) This food crisis is different: COVID-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47(7): 1393-1417.
Degirmenci S (2019) Istanbul Havza Arastırma Raporu. Report for Yurttaslık Dernegi. Available at: https://yereldemokrasi.net/attachments/article/201/AppendixXX_20191216_I%CC%87stanbul_Havza_Arastirma_Raporu.pdf (accessed 19 October 2023)
Dobbins T and Plows A (2023) Contesting the politics of neoliberal resilience: regional labour market resilience from a workers’ perspective. Regional Studies 57:1, 26-40, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2022.2052274.
Doğan O (2020a) Ekonomik istikrar kalkanı, tarımsal destekler ve çiftçi borçları. Gazete Duvar, 3 April 20. Available at: https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/forum/2020/04/03/ekonomik-istikrar-kalkani-tarimsal-destekler-ve-ciftci-borclari (accessed 19 May2023).
Doğan O (2020b) Recommendations within the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic for an Agriculture-Food System that is Self-Sufficient and Resilient to Crises TESEV Briefs, 10 July 2020. Available at: https://www.tesev.org.tr/en/research/agriculture-food-system-covid-19/ (accessed 10 March 2023).
Ecevit MC (2006) Ulusötesilesme ve küçük köylülügün yasam ve direnme kosulları. In: Gürkan C, Tastan Ö and Türel O (eds) Küresellesmeye Güneyden Tepkiler. Ankara: Dipnot, pp.341-349.
Ecevit MC, Karkıner N and Büke A (2009) Köy sosyolojisinin daraltılmıs kapsamından tarım-gıda-köylülük iliskilerine yönelik bazı degerlendirmeler. Mülkiye 262: 41-62.
Economist Impact (2022). Global Food Security Index 2022: Country Profiles. Available at https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-security-index/explore-countries (accessed 10th of November 2022).
FAO (2020a) Policy responses to keep input markets flowing in times of COVID-19. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/ca8979en/CA8979EN.pdf (accessed 8 November 2022).
FAO (2020b) Legal mechanisms to contribute to safe and secured food supply chains in times of COVID-19. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/ca9121en/CA9121EN.pdf (accessed 8 November 2022).
FAO (n.d.) Hunger and Food Insecurity. Available at: https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ (accessed 6 November 2023).
Ferguson P (2019) Discourses of Resilience in the Climate Security Debate. Global Environmental Politics 19:2 doi:10.1162/glep_a_00500.
Gibson-Graham JK (2006) A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Gibson-Graham JK (2008) Diverse economies: performative practices for ‘other worlds’. Progress in Human Geography 32(5): 603-736. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132508090821
Günaydın G (2020) Covid-19 ile görünür olan tarım ve gıda krizi. BirGün, 12 April, 20. Available at: https://www.birgun.net/haber/covid-19-ile-gorunur-olan-tarim-ve-gida-krizi-296068 (accessed 12 May 2023).
Hamilton JM, Zettel T and Neimanis A (2021) Feminist Infrastructure for Better Weathering, Australian Feminist Studies 36:109: 237-259, DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2021.1969639.
Harvey F (2020) Coronavirus could double the number of people going hungry. The Guardian, 9 April, 20. Available at: https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/sage_harvard_reference_style_0.pdf (accessed 12 April 2023).
Illich I (1981) Shadow Work. Boston: Marion Boyars.
Ince A and Kadirbeyoglu Z (2020) The politics of food: Commoning practices in alternative food networks in Istanbul. In: Ozkan D and Büyüksaraç BG (eds) Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics. London: Routledge.
IPES (2020) COVID-19 and the crisis in food systems: Symptoms, causes, and potential solutions. Communiqué by IPES-Food, April 2020, Available at https://www.ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/COVID-19_CommuniqueEN%283%29.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Istanbul City Council (2021) Tarım yapan kent Istanbul: Bugünden yarına müsterek hayatlar https://istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tarim-Yapan-Kent-Istanbul.pdf (accessed 10th of September 2023).
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality - IMM (2015). Yeni Gıda Ticaret ve Lojistik Merkezi Tasarımı. Report, Department of Agriculture, Food and Livestock, IMM. Istanbul. Available at: https://tarim.ibb.istanbul/img/1445472952017__4160425067_.pdf (Accessed 16 January 2023).
Istanbul Planning Agency (2022). Istanbul Barometresi: Istanbul Gündemi Arastırması Kasım 2022, Available at: https://ipa.istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BAROMETRE_KASIM_2022-web-3.pdf (Accessed 3 January 2023).
Jabko N (2021) Neoliberal Resilience. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions 35(1): 337-338.
Kaldjian P (2004) Istanbul’s bostans: A millenium of market gardens. Geographical Review 94(3): 284-304.
Kaldijan P (2000) Urban food security and contemporary Istanbul: Gardens, bazaars and the countryside. PhD Thesis, University of Arizona, USA.
Karakaya E (2016) Agro-Food System Transitions? Exploring Alternative Agro-Food Initiatives in Izmir, Turkey. PhD Thesis, Izmir Institute of Technology, Türkiye.
Keyder Ç and Yenal Z (2011) Agrarian Change under Globalization: Markets and Insecurity in Turkish Agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change 11(1): 60-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00294.x
Keyder Ç, Yenal Z and Nizam D (2020) COVID-19, tarım ve gıda: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de neler yasandı, neler yasanacak?. Sarkaç, 4 July, 20. Available at: https://sarkac.org/2020/07/covid-19-tarim-ve-gida-dunyada-ve-turkiyede-neler-yasandi-neler-yasanacak/ (accessed 10th of February 2023).
Madariaga A (2017) Mechanisms of neoliberal resilience: comparing exchange rates and industrial policy in Chile and Estonia. Socio-Economic Review 15(3): 637–660 doi: 10.1093/ser/mww015.
Madariaga A (2020) Neoliberal Resilience: Lessons in Democracy and Development from Latin America and Eastern Europe. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Magdoff F, Foster JB and Buttel HF. (eds) (2000) Hungry for Profit: The Agribusiness Threat to Farmers, Food, and the Environment. New York: Monthly Review
McMichael P (2013) Food Regimes and Agrarian Questions. Halifax - Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing.
Meriläinen E, Joseph J, Jauhola M, Yadav P, Romo-Murphy E, Marin J, and Gadhavi S (2022) Examining relational social ontologies of disaster resilience: lived experiences from India, Indonesia, Nepal, Chile and Andean territories. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 31(3): 273-287.
Mies M and Bennholdt-Thomsen V (2000) The Subsistence Perspective: Beyond the Globalized Economy. London, New York: Zed Books.
Nizam D (2017) Place, food, and agriculture: the use of geographical indications in olive oil production in western Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey 57:3-30.
Nizam D and Tatari MF (2020) Rural revitalization through territorial distinctiveness: The use of geographical indications in Turkey. The Journal of Rural Studies 93:144-154, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.07.002
Nizam D and Yenal Z (2020) Seed politics in Turkey: the awakening of a landrace wheat and its prospects. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47:4: 741-766, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2019.1708725
Otero G, Pechlaner G, and Gürkan E C (2013) The political economy of “food security” and trade: Uneven and combined dependency. Rural Sociology 78(3): 263–289.
Öztürk I (2006) Türkiye’de perakende sektörü. Journal of Social Sciences 3(1): 69-81.
Rodríguez JP (2021) The politics of neoliberalism in Latin America: dynamics of resilience and contestation. Sociology Compass 15:e12854 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12854.
Shopov A and Çakmaker E (2013) Yedikule Rekreasyon Uygulama Projesi Sosyal Etki Raporu, 17 July, 2013.
Tatari MF (2022) Pasturing dairy infrastructures in Northeastern Turkey: Pasture-cheesemaking, dairy technosciences and the Kars Kasar Cheese. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 40(6):1046-1063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758221129270
Turkish Republic Official Gazette (2013) Sebze ve meyveler ile yeterli arz ve talep derinligi bulunan diger malların ticaretinin düzenlenmesi hakkında kanun. Law no 5957, 26 March, 2010.
The Food and Land Use Coalition (2020) A call to action for world leaders: Preventing a global food security crisis while combatting COVID-19. Available at https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/ (accessed 5 February 2023).
TurkStat (2020) Bitkisel Üretim 2. Tahmini. Bulletin, October 2020. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Crop-Production-2nd-Estimation-2020-33736 (accessed 12 April 2023)
Van der Ploeg JD (2020) From biomedical to politic-economic crisis: The food system in times of COVID-19. Journal of Peasant Studies 47(5): 944-972.
Von Grebmer K, Bernstein J, Resnick D, Wiemers M, Reiner L, Bachmeier M, Hanano A, Towey O, Ní Chéilleachair R, Foley C, Gitter S, Larocque G, and Fritschel H (2022) 2022 Global Hunger Index: Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance. Report, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide. Available at https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2022.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Walker B (2020) Resilience: what it is and is not. Ecology and Society. 25(2):11 https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11647-250211.
Weis T (2007) The Global Food Economy: The Battle for the Future of Farming. London-New York: Zed Books.
Wolf MJ, Emerson JW, Esty DC, De Sherbinin A, Wendling ZA, et al. (2022) 2022 Environmental Performance Index. Report, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
Wolf S and Bonanno A (2014) The Neoliberal Regime in the Agri-Food Sector: Crisis, Resilience, and Restructuring. London: Routledge.
World Food Programme (2022) HungerMap LIVE: Middle East and Northern Africa insights and key trends. 7 June, 2022. Available at: https://static.hungermapdata.org/insight-reports/2022-06-07/rbc-summary.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Yerküre (2019) Türkiye’nin gıda sistemi ve Istanbul’un tedarik zinciri. Report, Yerküre Cooperative and Greenpeace, November.
Yerküre (2020) Istanbul nasıl beslenir?: Üretici pazarları odagında alternatifler ve olanaklar. Report, Yerküre Cooperative and Greenpeace, August.
Yerküre (2021) Verilerle Istanbul’da tarımsal üretim ve gıda tedarik sistemleri. Yerküre Cooperative, available at www.yerkure.org (accessed 4 May 2023).
Altieri MA and Nicholls CI (2020) Agroecology and the reconstruction of a post-COVID-19 agriculture. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47(5): 881-898.
Akpınar MG, Özkan B, Atalay OM, and Kızılay H (2009) Tüketicilerin yas sebze meyve tedarik kanalı seçimi: Modern (süper-hipermarket) perakendeciler. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22(2): 211–221.
Atasoy Y (2013) Supermarket expansion in Turkey: Shifting relations of food provisioning. Journal of Agrarian Change 13(4): 547–570.
Axe K (2022) Neoliberal Resilience: lessons in democracy and development from Latin America and Eastern Europe. Journal of Baltic Studies 53:4, 635-637, DOI: 10.1080/01629778.2022.2132009
Aydın Z (2010) Neo-Liberal transformation of Turkish agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change 10 (2): 149–87.
Aydın Z (2001) Yapısal uyum politikaları ve kırsal alanda beka stratejilerinin özellestirilmesi: Söke’nin Tuzburgazu ve Sivrihisar’ın Kınık Köyleri örnegi. Toplum ve Bilim 88: 11-31.
Aysu A (2020) Tarım gündemi... Abdullah Aysu: Korona kıtlık getirebilir, acil tedbir alınmalı. Gazete Duvar, 27 March 20. Available at: (accessed on 13rd of May 2023).
Aysu A (2022) Kıtlık kapımızda. Politika Haber, 1 February, 22. Available at: https://politikahaber.com/yazar-abdullah-aysu-kitlik-kapimizda/ (accessed 15 May 2023).
Bakıner 0 (2020) Korona günlerinde ölümün yönetimi. Toplum ve Bilim 152: 134-140.
Boratav K (2009) Tarımsal fiyatlar, istihdam ve köylülügün kaderi. Mülkiye 33(262): 9-23.
Büke A (2020a) COVID-19 kosullarında gıdayı yeniden düsünmek: Tablo karanlık fakat iyimser olmak için yeterince neden var!. Metro Gastro 98: 17-21.
Büke A (2020b) COVID-19 ve küresel tarım-gıda sistemi: Egilimler, sorunlar, olanaklar. Yerkürenin Sesi, 25 April 20. Available at: https://yerkure.org/kuresel_tarim_gida_sistemi/ (accessed 12 February 2023).
Chamber of Environment Engineers Istanbul Office (2023) Istanbul çevre durumu raporu. Report, Available at: https://api.cmo.org.tr/uploads/contents/2023-05-6-13-18-24-131846.pdf (accessed 10 February 2023).
Clapp J (2012) Food. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press: Polity
Clapp J and Moseley WG (2020) This food crisis is different: COVID-19 and the fragility of the neoliberal food security order. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47(7): 1393-1417.
Degirmenci S (2019) Istanbul Havza Arastırma Raporu. Report for Yurttaslık Dernegi. Available at: https://yereldemokrasi.net/attachments/article/201/AppendixXX_20191216_I%CC%87stanbul_Havza_Arastirma_Raporu.pdf (accessed 19 October 2023)
Dobbins T and Plows A (2023) Contesting the politics of neoliberal resilience: regional labour market resilience from a workers’ perspective. Regional Studies 57:1, 26-40, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2022.2052274.
Doğan O (2020a) Ekonomik istikrar kalkanı, tarımsal destekler ve çiftçi borçları. Gazete Duvar, 3 April 20. Available at: https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/forum/2020/04/03/ekonomik-istikrar-kalkani-tarimsal-destekler-ve-ciftci-borclari (accessed 19 May2023).
Doğan O (2020b) Recommendations within the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic for an Agriculture-Food System that is Self-Sufficient and Resilient to Crises TESEV Briefs, 10 July 2020. Available at: https://www.tesev.org.tr/en/research/agriculture-food-system-covid-19/ (accessed 10 March 2023).
Ecevit MC (2006) Ulusötesilesme ve küçük köylülügün yasam ve direnme kosulları. In: Gürkan C, Tastan Ö and Türel O (eds) Küresellesmeye Güneyden Tepkiler. Ankara: Dipnot, pp.341-349.
Ecevit MC, Karkıner N and Büke A (2009) Köy sosyolojisinin daraltılmıs kapsamından tarım-gıda-köylülük iliskilerine yönelik bazı degerlendirmeler. Mülkiye 262: 41-62.
Economist Impact (2022). Global Food Security Index 2022: Country Profiles. Available at https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-security-index/explore-countries (accessed 10th of November 2022).
FAO (2020a) Policy responses to keep input markets flowing in times of COVID-19. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/ca8979en/CA8979EN.pdf (accessed 8 November 2022).
FAO (2020b) Legal mechanisms to contribute to safe and secured food supply chains in times of COVID-19. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/ca9121en/CA9121EN.pdf (accessed 8 November 2022).
FAO (n.d.) Hunger and Food Insecurity. Available at: https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/ (accessed 6 November 2023).
Ferguson P (2019) Discourses of Resilience in the Climate Security Debate. Global Environmental Politics 19:2 doi:10.1162/glep_a_00500.
Gibson-Graham JK (2006) A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Gibson-Graham JK (2008) Diverse economies: performative practices for ‘other worlds’. Progress in Human Geography 32(5): 603-736. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132508090821
Günaydın G (2020) Covid-19 ile görünür olan tarım ve gıda krizi. BirGün, 12 April, 20. Available at: https://www.birgun.net/haber/covid-19-ile-gorunur-olan-tarim-ve-gida-krizi-296068 (accessed 12 May 2023).
Hamilton JM, Zettel T and Neimanis A (2021) Feminist Infrastructure for Better Weathering, Australian Feminist Studies 36:109: 237-259, DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2021.1969639.
Harvey F (2020) Coronavirus could double the number of people going hungry. The Guardian, 9 April, 20. Available at: https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/sage_harvard_reference_style_0.pdf (accessed 12 April 2023).
Illich I (1981) Shadow Work. Boston: Marion Boyars.
Ince A and Kadirbeyoglu Z (2020) The politics of food: Commoning practices in alternative food networks in Istanbul. In: Ozkan D and Büyüksaraç BG (eds) Commoning the City: Empirical Perspectives on Urban Ecology, Economics and Ethics. London: Routledge.
IPES (2020) COVID-19 and the crisis in food systems: Symptoms, causes, and potential solutions. Communiqué by IPES-Food, April 2020, Available at https://www.ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/COVID-19_CommuniqueEN%283%29.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Istanbul City Council (2021) Tarım yapan kent Istanbul: Bugünden yarına müsterek hayatlar https://istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Tarim-Yapan-Kent-Istanbul.pdf (accessed 10th of September 2023).
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality - IMM (2015). Yeni Gıda Ticaret ve Lojistik Merkezi Tasarımı. Report, Department of Agriculture, Food and Livestock, IMM. Istanbul. Available at: https://tarim.ibb.istanbul/img/1445472952017__4160425067_.pdf (Accessed 16 January 2023).
Istanbul Planning Agency (2022). Istanbul Barometresi: Istanbul Gündemi Arastırması Kasım 2022, Available at: https://ipa.istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/BAROMETRE_KASIM_2022-web-3.pdf (Accessed 3 January 2023).
Jabko N (2021) Neoliberal Resilience. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions 35(1): 337-338.
Kaldjian P (2004) Istanbul’s bostans: A millenium of market gardens. Geographical Review 94(3): 284-304.
Kaldijan P (2000) Urban food security and contemporary Istanbul: Gardens, bazaars and the countryside. PhD Thesis, University of Arizona, USA.
Karakaya E (2016) Agro-Food System Transitions? Exploring Alternative Agro-Food Initiatives in Izmir, Turkey. PhD Thesis, Izmir Institute of Technology, Türkiye.
Keyder Ç and Yenal Z (2011) Agrarian Change under Globalization: Markets and Insecurity in Turkish Agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change 11(1): 60-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00294.x
Keyder Ç, Yenal Z and Nizam D (2020) COVID-19, tarım ve gıda: Dünyada ve Türkiye’de neler yasandı, neler yasanacak?. Sarkaç, 4 July, 20. Available at: https://sarkac.org/2020/07/covid-19-tarim-ve-gida-dunyada-ve-turkiyede-neler-yasandi-neler-yasanacak/ (accessed 10th of February 2023).
Madariaga A (2017) Mechanisms of neoliberal resilience: comparing exchange rates and industrial policy in Chile and Estonia. Socio-Economic Review 15(3): 637–660 doi: 10.1093/ser/mww015.
Madariaga A (2020) Neoliberal Resilience: Lessons in Democracy and Development from Latin America and Eastern Europe. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Magdoff F, Foster JB and Buttel HF. (eds) (2000) Hungry for Profit: The Agribusiness Threat to Farmers, Food, and the Environment. New York: Monthly Review
McMichael P (2013) Food Regimes and Agrarian Questions. Halifax - Winnipeg: Fernwood Publishing.
Meriläinen E, Joseph J, Jauhola M, Yadav P, Romo-Murphy E, Marin J, and Gadhavi S (2022) Examining relational social ontologies of disaster resilience: lived experiences from India, Indonesia, Nepal, Chile and Andean territories. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 31(3): 273-287.
Mies M and Bennholdt-Thomsen V (2000) The Subsistence Perspective: Beyond the Globalized Economy. London, New York: Zed Books.
Nizam D (2017) Place, food, and agriculture: the use of geographical indications in olive oil production in western Turkey. New Perspectives on Turkey 57:3-30.
Nizam D and Tatari MF (2020) Rural revitalization through territorial distinctiveness: The use of geographical indications in Turkey. The Journal of Rural Studies 93:144-154, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.07.002
Nizam D and Yenal Z (2020) Seed politics in Turkey: the awakening of a landrace wheat and its prospects. The Journal of Peasant Studies 47:4: 741-766, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2019.1708725
Otero G, Pechlaner G, and Gürkan E C (2013) The political economy of “food security” and trade: Uneven and combined dependency. Rural Sociology 78(3): 263–289.
Öztürk I (2006) Türkiye’de perakende sektörü. Journal of Social Sciences 3(1): 69-81.
Rodríguez JP (2021) The politics of neoliberalism in Latin America: dynamics of resilience and contestation. Sociology Compass 15:e12854 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12854.
Shopov A and Çakmaker E (2013) Yedikule Rekreasyon Uygulama Projesi Sosyal Etki Raporu, 17 July, 2013.
Tatari MF (2022) Pasturing dairy infrastructures in Northeastern Turkey: Pasture-cheesemaking, dairy technosciences and the Kars Kasar Cheese. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 40(6):1046-1063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02637758221129270
Turkish Republic Official Gazette (2013) Sebze ve meyveler ile yeterli arz ve talep derinligi bulunan diger malların ticaretinin düzenlenmesi hakkında kanun. Law no 5957, 26 March, 2010.
The Food and Land Use Coalition (2020) A call to action for world leaders: Preventing a global food security crisis while combatting COVID-19. Available at https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/a-call-to-action-for-world-leaders/ (accessed 5 February 2023).
TurkStat (2020) Bitkisel Üretim 2. Tahmini. Bulletin, October 2020. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Crop-Production-2nd-Estimation-2020-33736 (accessed 12 April 2023)
Van der Ploeg JD (2020) From biomedical to politic-economic crisis: The food system in times of COVID-19. Journal of Peasant Studies 47(5): 944-972.
Von Grebmer K, Bernstein J, Resnick D, Wiemers M, Reiner L, Bachmeier M, Hanano A, Towey O, Ní Chéilleachair R, Foley C, Gitter S, Larocque G, and Fritschel H (2022) 2022 Global Hunger Index: Food Systems Transformation and Local Governance. Report, Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide. Available at https://www.globalhungerindex.org/pdf/en/2022.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Walker B (2020) Resilience: what it is and is not. Ecology and Society. 25(2):11 https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11647-250211.
Weis T (2007) The Global Food Economy: The Battle for the Future of Farming. London-New York: Zed Books.
Wolf MJ, Emerson JW, Esty DC, De Sherbinin A, Wendling ZA, et al. (2022) 2022 Environmental Performance Index. Report, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
Wolf S and Bonanno A (2014) The Neoliberal Regime in the Agri-Food Sector: Crisis, Resilience, and Restructuring. London: Routledge.
World Food Programme (2022) HungerMap LIVE: Middle East and Northern Africa insights and key trends. 7 June, 2022. Available at: https://static.hungermapdata.org/insight-reports/2022-06-07/rbc-summary.pdf (accessed 3 January 2023).
Yerküre (2019) Türkiye’nin gıda sistemi ve Istanbul’un tedarik zinciri. Report, Yerküre Cooperative and Greenpeace, November.
Yerküre (2020) Istanbul nasıl beslenir?: Üretici pazarları odagında alternatifler ve olanaklar. Report, Yerküre Cooperative and Greenpeace, August.
Yerküre (2021) Verilerle Istanbul’da tarımsal üretim ve gıda tedarik sistemleri. Yerküre Cooperative, available at www.yerkure.org (accessed 4 May 2023).
Issue
Section
The Food System in the (Post-)Pandemic World
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.