Globalization, Food Quality and Labor: The Case of Grape Production in North-Eastern Brazil
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Published
Jan 4, 2012
Alessandro Bonanno
Josefa Salete Barbosa Cavalcanti
Abstract
This article investigates the consequences of the production of table grapes for export to corporate supermarkets in the global North on labor in a region of the Brazilian North-east. This production is destined to meet the growing demand for year-round food marketed as quality food. Quality food is required by supermarket chains to increase competitiveness and is guaranteed through third-party certification programs. Despite claims that certification not only maintains product quality but also safeguards the use of labor, the study demonstrates that the global production of quality grapes engenders negative consequences for workers. Laborers work longer for less pay, perform more sophisticated tasks, are employed mostly through temporary contracts, and experience new and more advanced forms of control. Additionally, the article illustrates the ways in which other salient actors, such as global food retailers, brokers and firms, operate in regard to labor and quality grape production. It is concluded that, despite various claims about the objectives of certification programs, the actual use of the certification processes at the local level does not translate immediately into better labor relations in the global South.
How to Cite
Bonanno, A. and Salete Barbosa Cavalcanti, J. . (2012) “Globalization, Food Quality and Labor: The Case of Grape Production in North-Eastern Brazil”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. Paris, France, 19(1), pp. 37–55. doi: 10.48416/ijsaf.v19i1.235.
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References
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ConAgra: The Globalization of Agriculture and Food, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, pp. 29–51.
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labor in Chile, Signs, 35(2), pp. 343–370.
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accountability: an assessment of third-party certification in Chile and Indonesia, in: V. Higgins,
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York: Monthly Review Press.
Burch, D. and Lawrence, G. (2005) Supermarket own brands, supply chains and the transformation of the
agri-food system, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(1), pp. 1–18.
Burch, D. and Lawrence, G. (eds) (2007) Supermarket and Agri-Food Supply Chains: Transformations in the
Production and Consumption of Foods. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Busch, L. and Bain, C. (2004) New! Improved? The transformation of the global agrifood system, Rural
Sociology, 69(3), pp. 321–346.
Campbell, H. (2004) Green Protectionism Part 2: EUREP-GAP, Agri-food Systems and the Decline of Organic Exporting
from New Zealand. Paper Presented to the World Congress of the International Rural Sociological
Association, Trondheim, 26–30 July.
Campbell, H. and Dixon, J. (eds) (2009) Symposium on food regime analysis: special issue, Agriculture and
Human Values, 26(4), pp. 259–404.
Campbell, H. and Le Heron, R. (2007) Supermarket, producers and audit technology: the constitutive
micro-politics of food, legitimacy and governance, in: D. Burch and G. Lawrence (eds) Supermarkets
and Agri-food Supply Chains: Transformations in the Production and Consumptions of Foods, Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 131–153.
Cava lcanti, J.S.B. (ed.) (1999) Globalizacão, Trabalho, Meio Ambiente. Recife: Editora Universitária/UFPE.
Cava lcanti, J.S.B., Mota, D., Bendini, M. and Steimbreger, N. (2011) Capital mobility and new work spaces
in fruit producing regions of Brazil and Argentina, in: A. Bonanno and J.S.B. Cava lcanti (eds) Globalization
and the Time-Space Reorganization, Bingley: Emerald Publishing.
Cava nagh J. and Mander, J. (eds) (2004) Alternatives to Economic Globalization. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-
Koeheler.
Charmaz, K. (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage Publications.
Collins, J. (1993) Gender, contracts and wage work: agricultural restructuring in Brazil’s S?o Francisco
Valley, Development and Change, 24, pp. 53–84.
Collins, J. (2000) Tracing social relations in commodity chains: the case of grapes in Brazil, in: A. Haugerud,
M.P. Stone and P.D. Little (eds) Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives, New York:
Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 97–109.
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EMBRAPA.
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DuPuis, M. (2000) Not in my body: rBGH and the rise of organic milk, Agriculture and Human Values, 17,
pp. 285–295.
Fachinello, J.C., Da Silverira Pasa, M., Dutra Schmtiz, J. and Leitzke Betemps, D. (2011) Situação e perspectivas
da fruticultura de clima temperado no Brazil, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 33(esp1), pp.
109–120.
Flanagan, R.J. (2006) Globalization and Labor Conditions. New York: University of Oxford Press.
Friedland, W.H. (1994) The new globalization: the case of fresh produce, in: A. Bonanno, L. Busch, W.
Friedland, L. Gouveia and E. Mingione (eds) From Columbus to ConAgra: The Globalization and Agriculture
and Food, Lawrence, KS.: University Press of Kansas, pp. 210–231.
Friedland, W.H. (2004) Agrifood globalization and commodity systems, International Journal of Sociology
of Agriculture and Food, 12, pp. 4–16.
Friedman, T. (2000) The Lexus and the Olive Tree. New York: Anchor Books.
Friedman, T. (2006) The World is Flat. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Gabriel, Y. and Lang, T. (1995) The Unimaginable Consumer. London: Sage Publications.
Gereffi, G., Garcia-Johnson, R. and Sasser, E. (2001) The NGO-industrial complex, Foreign Relations, 125,
pp. 56–65.
GLOBALGAP (2009) About GLOBALGAP. Published online
Goodman, D. (2000) Organic and conventional agriculture: materializing discourses and agro-ecological
managerialism, Agriculture and Human Values, 17, pp. 215–219.
Harvey, D. (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Harvey, D. (2000) Spaces of Hope. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Harvey, D. (2005) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, D. (2006) Spaces of Global Capitalism. London: Verso.
Hatanaka, M. (2006) Differentiated standardization, standardized differentiation: the limits to agrifood
standards, in: T. Marsden and J. Murdoch (eds) Between the Local and the Global: Confronting Complexity
in the Contemporary Food Sector. New York: Elsevier.
Hatanaka, M. (2010a) Governing sustainability: examining audits and compliance in a third-party certified
organic shrimp farming project in rural Indonesia, Local Environment, 15(3), pp. 233–244.
Hatanaka, M. (2010b) Assessing rule-based governance mechanisms in an era of scientism, Journal of
Rural Social Sciences, 25(3), pp. 141–159.
Hatanaka, M., Bain, C. and Busch, L. (2005) Third-party certification in the global agrifood system: causes
and consequences, Food Policy, 30(3), pp. 354–369.
Heffernan, W.D. (2000) Concentration of ownership in agriculture, in: F. Magdoff, J.B. Foster and F.H.
Buttel (eds) Hungry for Profit: The Agribusiness Threat to Farmers, Food, and the Environment, New York:
Monthly Review Press, pp. 61–76.
Heffernan, W.D. and Constance, D.H. (1994) Transnational corporations and the globalization of the food
system, in: A. Bonanno, L. Busch, W.H. Friedland, L. Gouveia and E. Mingione (eds) From Columbus to
ConAgra: The Globalization of Agriculture and Food, Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, pp. 29–51.
Hendrickson, M., Wilkinson, J., Heffernan, W.D. and Gronwski, R. (2008) The Global Food System and Nodes
of Power. Published online
Hinrichs, C., Gillespie, G. and Feenstra, G. (2004) Social learning and innovation at retail farmers’ markets,
Rural Sociology, 69(1), pp. 31–58.
Humphery, K. (1998) Shelf Life: Supermarket and the Changing Culture of Consumption. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Kitching, G. (2001) Seeking Social Justice through Globalization: Escaping a Nationalist Perspective. University
Park, PA: Penn State University Press.
Konefa l, J. and Busch, L. (2010) Markets and multitudes: how biotechnologies are standardizing and differentiating
corn and soybeans, Sociologia Ruralis, 50(4), pp. 409–427.
Konefa l, J., Mascarenhas, M. and Hatanaka, M. (2005) Governance in the global agri-food system: backlighting
the role of transnational supermarket chains, Agriculture and Human Values, 22, pp. 291–302.
Konefa l, J., Bain, C., Mascarenhas, M. and Busch, L. (2007) Supermarkets and supply chains in North
America, in: D. Burch and G. Lawrence (eds) Supermarkets and Agri-food Supply Chains: Transformations
in the Production and Consumption of Foods. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Lawrence, G. and Burch, D. (2007) Understanding supermarkets and agri-food supply chain, in: D. Burch
and G. Lawrence (eds) Supermarkets and Agri-Food Supply Chains: The Transformation in the Production and
Consumption of Foods, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 1-26.
Le Blanc, P. (1999) A Short History of the U.S. Working Class. New York: Humanity Books.
Lockie, S. (2002) ‘The invisible mouth’: mobilizing the ‘consumer’ in the food production-consumption
networks, Sociologia Ruralis, 19(1), pp. 278–294.
Lockie, S. (2009) Responsibility and agency within alternative food networks assembling the ‘citizen consumer’,
Agriculture and Human Values, 26, pp. 193–201.
Lockie, S., Lyons, K., Lawrence, G. and Halping, D. (2006) Going Organic: Mobilizing Networks for Environmentally
Responsible Food Production. Wallingford: BABI Publishing.
Lukács, G. (1968) History and Class Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lyson, T. (2004) Civic Agriculture: Reconnecting Farm Food and Community. Medford MA: Tufts University
Press.
Mann, S. and Dickinson, J. (1978) Obstacles to the development of a capitalist agriculture, Journal of Peasant
Studies, 5(4), pp. 466–481.
Marsden, T. (2003) The Condition of Rural Sustainability. Assen: Royal Van Gorcum.
Marsden, T. and Arce, A. (1995) Constructing quality: emerging food networks in the rural transition,
Environment and Planning A, 27, pp. 1261–1279.
Marsden, T. and Murdoch, J. (2006) (eds) Between the Local and the Global: Confronting Complexity in the
Contemporary Agri-Food Sector. Bingly: Emerald Publishing.
Marsden, T., Cava lcanti, J.S. and Ferreira Irmao, J. (1996) Globalization, regionalization and quality: the
socio-economic reconstruction of food in the San Francisco Valley, Brazil, International Journal of Sociology
of Agriculture and Food, 5, pp. 85–114.
Marx, K. (1977 [1867]) Capital, vol. 1. New York: Vintage Books.
Marx, K. (1992 [1885]) Capital, vol. 2. London: Penguin.
McMichael, P. (1994) The Global Restructuring of Agro-Food Systems. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
McMichael, P. (2002) Development and Social Change. Thousand Oaks, CA.: Pine Forge Press.
More, J., Noerager Stern, P., Corbi, J., Bowers, B., Charmaz, K. and Clarke, A. (2009) Developing Grounded
Theory. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
Moreira, M. (2001) Globalização e Agricultura. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
Moreira, M. (2004) Agriculture and food in the globalization age, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture
and Food, 12, pp. 17–28.
Morgan, K., Marsden, T. and Murdoch, J. (2006) Worlds of Food: Place, Power and Provenance in the Food
Chain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mottura, G. and Pugliese, E. (1975) Agricultural Mezzogiorno e Mercato del Lavoro. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Mottura, G. and Pugliese, E. (1980) Capitalism in agriculture and capitalist agriculture: the Italian case,
in: F. Buttel and H. Newby (eds) The Rural Sociology of the Advanced Societies, Montclair, NJ. Allenheld
Osmun, pp. 85–113.
Pritchard, B. and Burch, D. (2003) Agri-food Globalization in Perspective. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Ray nolds, L. (2000) Re-embedding global agriculture: the international organic and fair trade movements,
Agriculture and Human Values, 17, pp. 297–309.
Reich, R. (2008) Supercapitalism: the Transformation of Business, Democracy and Everyday Life. New York:
Vintage Books.
Robinson, W.I. (2004) A Theory of Global Capitalism. Production, Class and State in a Transnational World. Baltimore,
MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Sassen, S. (2007) A Sociology of Globalization. New York: W.W. Norton.
Selwyn, B. (2010) Gender wage work and development in North East Brazil, Bulletin of Latin American
Research, 29(1), pp. 51–70.
Seyfa ng, G. (2006) Ecological citizenship and sustainable consumption: examining local organic food networks,
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