Building Food Democracy: Exploring Civic Food Networks and Newly Emerging Forms of Food Citizenship
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Published
Dec 4, 2012
Henk Renting
Markus Schermer
Adanella Rossi
Abstract
In recent years new types of consumer–producer cooperation in food networks have emerged in which consumers play an active role in the operation and thereby clearly go beyond food provisioning as such. Examples include consumer co-ops and solidarity buying groups of local and organic food, community-supported agriculture and collective urban gardening initiatives. These initiatives raise important new questions that cannot be adequately resolved within existing theoretical perspectives based on concepts such as ‘alternative food networks’, ‘short food supply chains’ or ‘local food systems’. This article explores possible new analytical frameworks for the study of contemporary dynamics in food networks and develops the concept of ‘civic food networks’ as an overarching concept to explore contemporary dynamics and sources of innovation within agri-food networks. Building on the empirical diversity of initiatives, this introduction to the Special Issue argues that the role of civil society as a governance mechanism for agri-food networks has increased in significance compared to market and state actors. Moreover, expressions of ‘food citizenship’ are reshaping the relation between food practices and the market as well as with public institutions in ways that go beyond material and economic exchange and that contribute to a ‘moralization’ (or even ‘civilization’) of food economies.
How to Cite
Renting, H. ., Schermer, M. . . and Rossi, A. . (2012) “Building Food Democracy: Exploring Civic Food Networks and Newly Emerging Forms of Food Citizenship ”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. Paris, France, 19(3), pp. 289–307. doi: 10.48416/ijsaf.v19i3.206.
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References
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the tectonics of alternative agrifood initiatives in California, Journal of Rural Studies, 19(1), pp. 61–75.
Blanchard, T. and Matthews, T. (2007) Retail concentration, food deserts and food-disadvantaged communities
in rural America, in: C. Hinrichs and T. Lyson (eds) Remaking the North American Food System:
Strategies for sustainability. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 201–215.
Brunori, G., Rossi, A. and Malandrin, V. (2011) Co-producing transition: innovation processes in farms
adhering to Solidarity Purchase Groups (SGPs) in Tuscany, Italy, International Journal of Sociology of
Agriculture and Food, 18(1), pp. 28–53.
Chiffoleau, Y. (2009) From politics to cooperation: the dynamics of embeddedness in alternative food
supply chains, Sociologia Ruralis, 49(3), pp. 218–235.
Corrigan, M. (2011) Growing what you eat: developing community gardens in Baltimore, Maryland, Applied
Geography, 31(4), pp. 1232–1241.
Derkzen, P. and Morgan, K. (2012) Food and the city: the challenge of urban food governance, in: A.
Viljoen and J.S.C. Wiskerke (eds) Sustainable Food Planning: Evolving Theory and Practice. Wageningen:
Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 61–66.
Dubbeling, M., Zeeuw, H. de and Veenhuizen, R. va n (2010) Cities, Poverty and Food: Multi-stakeholder Policy
and Planning in Urban Agriculture. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing.
Fonte, M. (2008) Knowledge, food and place: a way of producing, a way of knowing, Sociologia Ruralis,
48(3), pp. 200–222.
Friedmann, H. and McMichael, P. (1989) Agriculture and the state system: the rise and fall of national
agricultures, 1870 to the present, Sociologia Ruralis, 29(2), pp. 93–117.
Gibson-Graham, J.K. (2006) A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Goodman, D. (2004) Rural Europe redux: reflections on alternative agro-food networks and paradigm
change, Sociologia Ruralis, 44(1), pp. 3–16.
Goodman, M.K., Maye, D. and Hollowa y, L. (2010) Ethical foodscapes? Premises, promises, and possibilities,
Environment and Planning A, 42(8), pp. 1782–1796.
Haide, E. von der (2000) Urbane partizipative Gartenaktivitäten in München: neue Räume der Begegnung und
Subsistenz, der Partizipation und des Naturerlebens für alle. München: Münchner Stiftungsinitiative für
urbanes Gärtnern. Published online
Hardt, M. and Negri, A. (2000) Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hassanein, N. (2003) Practicing food democracy: a pragmatic politics of transformation, Journal of Rural
Studies, 19(1), pp. 77–86.
Heynen, N. (2010) Cooking up non-violent civil-disobedient direct action for the hungry: ‘Food Not
Bombs’ and the resurgence of radical democracy in the US, Urban Studies, 47(6), pp.1225–1240.
Hinrichs, C. (2000) Embeddedness and local food systems: notes on two types of direct agricultural marketing,
Journal of Rural Studies, 16(3), pp. 295–303.
Hollowa y, L., Kneafsey, M., Venn, L., Cox, R., Dowler, E. and Tuomainen, H. (2007) Possible food economies:
a methodological framework for exploring food production–consumption relationships, Sociologia
Ruralis, 47(1), pp. 1–19.
Ilbery, B. and Maye, D. (2005) Alternative (shorter) food supply chains and specialist livestock products in
the Scottish–English borders, Environment and Planning A, 37, pp. 823–844.
Jaffee, D. and Howa rd, P.H. (2010) Corporate cooptation of organic and fair trade standards, Agriculture
and Human Values, 27(4), pp. 387–399.
Jarosz, L. (2008) The city in the country: growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas, Journal
of Rural Studies, 24(3), pp. 231–244.
Jehlicka, P. and Smith, J. (2011) An unsustainable state: contrasting food practices and state policies in the
Czech Republic, Geoforum, 42(3), pp. 362–372.
Johnston, J. (2008) The citizen–consumer hybrid: ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market,
Theory and Society, 37, pp. 229–270.
Karner, S. (ed.) (2010) Local Food Systems in Europe: Case Studies from Five Countries and What They Imply for
Policy and Practice. Graz: IFZ.
Kieninger, P.R., Yamaji, E. and Penker, M. (2011) Urban people as paddy farmers: the Japanese Tanada
Ownership System discussed from a European perspective, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,
26(4), pp. 328–341.
Lamine, C. (2005) Settling the shared uncertainties: local partnerships between producers and consumers,
Sociologia Ruralis, 45(4), pp. 324–345.
Lamine, C., Renting, H., Rossi, A., Wiskerke, J.S.C. and Brunori, G. (2012) Agri-food systems and territorial
development: innovations: new dynamics and changing governance mechanisms, in: I. Darnhofer,
D. Gibbon and B. Dedieu (eds) (2012) Farming Systems Research into the 21st century: The New Dynamic.
Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 227–255.
Lang, T. and Heasman, M. (2004) Food Wars: The Global Battle for Minds, Mouths and Markets. London:
Earthscan Publications.
Leyshon, A., Lee, R. and Williams, C. (eds) (2003) Alternative Economic Spaces. London: Sage Publications.
Little, R., Maye, D. and Ilbery, B. (2010) Collective purchase: moving local and organic foods beyond the
niche market, Environment and Planning A, 42(8), pp. 1797–1813.
Lorenz, S. (2012) Socio-ecological consequences of charitable food assistance in the affluent society: the
German ‘Tafel’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32(7), pp. 386–400.
Lyson, T.A. (2005) Civic agriculture and community problem solving, Culture and Agriculture, 27(2), pp.
92–98.
Marsden, T.K. and Sonnino, R. (2008) Rural development and the regional state: denying multifunctional
agriculture in the UK, Journal of Rural Studies, 24(4), pp. 422–431.
MIRAMAP (Mouvement inter-régional des AMAP) (2011) Evolution des AMAP en France – novembre 2011.
Lyon: MIRAMAP.
Morgan, K. and Sonnino, R. (2008) The School Food Revolution: Public Food and the Challenge of Sustainable
Development. London: Earthscan.
Muchnik, J. (2010) Localised agri-food systems: concepts development and diversity of situations, Sviluppo
locale, 14(35), pp. 3–20.
Müller, C. (2007) Intercultural gardens. urban places for subsistence production and diversity, German
Journal of Urban Studies, 46(1), pp. 1–6.
Pabst, A. (2011) The resurgence of the civic, Possible Futures, 29 November 2011, published online
2012.
Parker, G. (2005) Sustainable Food? Teikei, Co-operatives and Food Citizenship in Japan and in the UK, Working
Paper in Real Estate and Planning, 11/05. Reading: Department of Real Estate and Planning, University
of Reading.
Patel, R. (2009) Food sovereignty, Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(3), pp. 663–706.
Pentina, I. and Amos, C. (2011) The Freegan phenomenon: anti-consumption or consumer resistance?,
European Journal of Marketing, 45(1–2), pp. 1768–1778.
Pimbert, M. (2009) Towards Food Sovereignty: Reclaiming Autonomous Food Systems. London: IIED.
Ploeg, J. va n der (2008) The New Peasantries: Struggles for Autonomy and Sustainability in an Era of Empire and
Globalization. London: Earthscan.
Renting, H. (2008) New Emerging Roles for Public Institutions at the Urban–Rural Interface: The Cases of Public
Food Procurement and Urban Food Strategies. Presented at conference ‘Transitions towards Sustainable
Agriculture, Food Chains and Peri-urban Areas, Wageningen, 26-29 October.
Renting, H., Marsden, T. and Banks, J. (2003) Understanding alternative food networks: exploring the role
of short supply chains in rural development, Environment and Planning A, 35(3), pp. 393–411.
RETEGAS (Rete nazionale dei Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale) (2012) Archivio dei Gruppi di Acquisto Solidali
aderenti alla rete nazionale di collegamento. Published online
Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexibility and Accountability.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
Ritzer, G. and Jurgenson, N. (2010) Production, consumption, prosumption, Journal of Consumer Culture,
10(1), pp. 13–36.
Rosol, M. (2012) Community volunteering as neoliberal strategy? green space production in Berlin, Antipode,
44(1), pp. 239–257.
Sage, C. (2003) Social embeddedness and relations of regard: alternative ‘good food’ networks in South
West Ireland, Journal of Rural Studies, 19(1), pp. 47–60.
Santos, B. de Sousa (2003) The WSF: toward a counter-hegemonic globalisation, in: J. Sen, A. Anand, A.
Escobar and P. Waterman (eds) The World Social Forum: Challenging Empires. New Delhi: Viveka Foundation.
Seyfa ng, G. (2006) Sustainable Consumption, the New Economics and Local Organic Food, CSERGE Working
Paper EDM 06-12. Norwich: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia.
Soler, M., Renting, H., Cuéllar, M. and Calle, Á. (2010) Between food ethics, solidarity and the social
construction of alternative markets: exploring the dimensions of grassroots food movements in Spain,
in: I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer (eds) Building Sustainable Rural Futures: The Added Value of Systems Approaches,
Vienna: BOKU, pp. 1769–1782.
Sonnino, R. and Marsden, T. (2006) Beyond the divide: rethinking relationships between alternative and
conventional food networks in Europe, Journal of Economic Geography, 6, pp. 181–199.
Soper, K. (2007) Re-thinking the ‘Good Life’: the citizenship dimension of consumer disaffection with
consumerism, Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(2), pp. 205–229.
Toffler, A. (1980) The Third Wave. New York: William Morrow.
Tregear, A. (2011) Progressing knowledge in alternative and local food networks: critical reflections and
a research agenda, Journal of Rural Studies, 27(4), pp. 419–430.
Vogl, C., Axmann, P. and Vogl-Lukasser, B. (2003) Urban organic farming in Austria with the concept of
Selbsternte (‘self-harvest’): an agronomic and socio-economic analysis, Renewable Agriculture and Food
Systems, 19(2), pp. 67–79.
Welsh, J. and MacRae, R. (1998) Food citizenship and community food security: lessons from Toronto,
Canada, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 19(4), pp. 237–255.
Whatmore, S., Stassart, P. and Renting, H. (2003) What’s alternative about alternative food networks?,
Environment and Planning A, 35(3), pp. 389–391.
Wilkins, J. (2005) Eating right here: moving from consumer to food citizen, Agriculture and Human Values,
22(3), pp. 269–273.
Wiskerke, J.S.C. (2010) On places lost and places regained: reflections on the alternative food geography
and sustainable regional development, International Planning Studies, 14(4), pp. 369–387.
Wittman, H. (2009) Reworking the metabolic rift: La Vía Campesina, agrarian citizenship, and food sovereignty,
Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(4), pp. 805-826.
Wittman, H., Desmarais, AA. and Wiebe, N. (eds) (2010) Food Sovereignty: Reconnecting Food, Nature and
Community. Oxford: Pambazuka.
Zwick, D., Bonsu, S.K. and Darmody, A. (2008) Putting consumers to work: co-creation and new marketing
governmentality, Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(2), pp. 163–196.
the tectonics of alternative agrifood initiatives in California, Journal of Rural Studies, 19(1), pp. 61–75.
Blanchard, T. and Matthews, T. (2007) Retail concentration, food deserts and food-disadvantaged communities
in rural America, in: C. Hinrichs and T. Lyson (eds) Remaking the North American Food System:
Strategies for sustainability. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 201–215.
Brunori, G., Rossi, A. and Malandrin, V. (2011) Co-producing transition: innovation processes in farms
adhering to Solidarity Purchase Groups (SGPs) in Tuscany, Italy, International Journal of Sociology of
Agriculture and Food, 18(1), pp. 28–53.
Chiffoleau, Y. (2009) From politics to cooperation: the dynamics of embeddedness in alternative food
supply chains, Sociologia Ruralis, 49(3), pp. 218–235.
Corrigan, M. (2011) Growing what you eat: developing community gardens in Baltimore, Maryland, Applied
Geography, 31(4), pp. 1232–1241.
Derkzen, P. and Morgan, K. (2012) Food and the city: the challenge of urban food governance, in: A.
Viljoen and J.S.C. Wiskerke (eds) Sustainable Food Planning: Evolving Theory and Practice. Wageningen:
Wageningen Academic Publishers, pp. 61–66.
Dubbeling, M., Zeeuw, H. de and Veenhuizen, R. va n (2010) Cities, Poverty and Food: Multi-stakeholder Policy
and Planning in Urban Agriculture. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing.
Fonte, M. (2008) Knowledge, food and place: a way of producing, a way of knowing, Sociologia Ruralis,
48(3), pp. 200–222.
Friedmann, H. and McMichael, P. (1989) Agriculture and the state system: the rise and fall of national
agricultures, 1870 to the present, Sociologia Ruralis, 29(2), pp. 93–117.
Gibson-Graham, J.K. (2006) A Postcapitalist Politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Goodman, D. (2004) Rural Europe redux: reflections on alternative agro-food networks and paradigm
change, Sociologia Ruralis, 44(1), pp. 3–16.
Goodman, M.K., Maye, D. and Hollowa y, L. (2010) Ethical foodscapes? Premises, promises, and possibilities,
Environment and Planning A, 42(8), pp. 1782–1796.
Haide, E. von der (2000) Urbane partizipative Gartenaktivitäten in München: neue Räume der Begegnung und
Subsistenz, der Partizipation und des Naturerlebens für alle. München: Münchner Stiftungsinitiative für
urbanes Gärtnern. Published online
Hardt, M. and Negri, A. (2000) Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hassanein, N. (2003) Practicing food democracy: a pragmatic politics of transformation, Journal of Rural
Studies, 19(1), pp. 77–86.
Heynen, N. (2010) Cooking up non-violent civil-disobedient direct action for the hungry: ‘Food Not
Bombs’ and the resurgence of radical democracy in the US, Urban Studies, 47(6), pp.1225–1240.
Hinrichs, C. (2000) Embeddedness and local food systems: notes on two types of direct agricultural marketing,
Journal of Rural Studies, 16(3), pp. 295–303.
Hollowa y, L., Kneafsey, M., Venn, L., Cox, R., Dowler, E. and Tuomainen, H. (2007) Possible food economies:
a methodological framework for exploring food production–consumption relationships, Sociologia
Ruralis, 47(1), pp. 1–19.
Ilbery, B. and Maye, D. (2005) Alternative (shorter) food supply chains and specialist livestock products in
the Scottish–English borders, Environment and Planning A, 37, pp. 823–844.
Jaffee, D. and Howa rd, P.H. (2010) Corporate cooptation of organic and fair trade standards, Agriculture
and Human Values, 27(4), pp. 387–399.
Jarosz, L. (2008) The city in the country: growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas, Journal
of Rural Studies, 24(3), pp. 231–244.
Jehlicka, P. and Smith, J. (2011) An unsustainable state: contrasting food practices and state policies in the
Czech Republic, Geoforum, 42(3), pp. 362–372.
Johnston, J. (2008) The citizen–consumer hybrid: ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market,
Theory and Society, 37, pp. 229–270.
Karner, S. (ed.) (2010) Local Food Systems in Europe: Case Studies from Five Countries and What They Imply for
Policy and Practice. Graz: IFZ.
Kieninger, P.R., Yamaji, E. and Penker, M. (2011) Urban people as paddy farmers: the Japanese Tanada
Ownership System discussed from a European perspective, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems,
26(4), pp. 328–341.
Lamine, C. (2005) Settling the shared uncertainties: local partnerships between producers and consumers,
Sociologia Ruralis, 45(4), pp. 324–345.
Lamine, C., Renting, H., Rossi, A., Wiskerke, J.S.C. and Brunori, G. (2012) Agri-food systems and territorial
development: innovations: new dynamics and changing governance mechanisms, in: I. Darnhofer,
D. Gibbon and B. Dedieu (eds) (2012) Farming Systems Research into the 21st century: The New Dynamic.
Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 227–255.
Lang, T. and Heasman, M. (2004) Food Wars: The Global Battle for Minds, Mouths and Markets. London:
Earthscan Publications.
Leyshon, A., Lee, R. and Williams, C. (eds) (2003) Alternative Economic Spaces. London: Sage Publications.
Little, R., Maye, D. and Ilbery, B. (2010) Collective purchase: moving local and organic foods beyond the
niche market, Environment and Planning A, 42(8), pp. 1797–1813.
Lorenz, S. (2012) Socio-ecological consequences of charitable food assistance in the affluent society: the
German ‘Tafel’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32(7), pp. 386–400.
Lyson, T.A. (2005) Civic agriculture and community problem solving, Culture and Agriculture, 27(2), pp.
92–98.
Marsden, T.K. and Sonnino, R. (2008) Rural development and the regional state: denying multifunctional
agriculture in the UK, Journal of Rural Studies, 24(4), pp. 422–431.
MIRAMAP (Mouvement inter-régional des AMAP) (2011) Evolution des AMAP en France – novembre 2011.
Lyon: MIRAMAP.
Morgan, K. and Sonnino, R. (2008) The School Food Revolution: Public Food and the Challenge of Sustainable
Development. London: Earthscan.
Muchnik, J. (2010) Localised agri-food systems: concepts development and diversity of situations, Sviluppo
locale, 14(35), pp. 3–20.
Müller, C. (2007) Intercultural gardens. urban places for subsistence production and diversity, German
Journal of Urban Studies, 46(1), pp. 1–6.
Pabst, A. (2011) The resurgence of the civic, Possible Futures, 29 November 2011, published online
2012.
Parker, G. (2005) Sustainable Food? Teikei, Co-operatives and Food Citizenship in Japan and in the UK, Working
Paper in Real Estate and Planning, 11/05. Reading: Department of Real Estate and Planning, University
of Reading.
Patel, R. (2009) Food sovereignty, Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(3), pp. 663–706.
Pentina, I. and Amos, C. (2011) The Freegan phenomenon: anti-consumption or consumer resistance?,
European Journal of Marketing, 45(1–2), pp. 1768–1778.
Pimbert, M. (2009) Towards Food Sovereignty: Reclaiming Autonomous Food Systems. London: IIED.
Ploeg, J. va n der (2008) The New Peasantries: Struggles for Autonomy and Sustainability in an Era of Empire and
Globalization. London: Earthscan.
Renting, H. (2008) New Emerging Roles for Public Institutions at the Urban–Rural Interface: The Cases of Public
Food Procurement and Urban Food Strategies. Presented at conference ‘Transitions towards Sustainable
Agriculture, Food Chains and Peri-urban Areas, Wageningen, 26-29 October.
Renting, H., Marsden, T. and Banks, J. (2003) Understanding alternative food networks: exploring the role
of short supply chains in rural development, Environment and Planning A, 35(3), pp. 393–411.
RETEGAS (Rete nazionale dei Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale) (2012) Archivio dei Gruppi di Acquisto Solidali
aderenti alla rete nazionale di collegamento. Published online
Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexibility and Accountability.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
Ritzer, G. and Jurgenson, N. (2010) Production, consumption, prosumption, Journal of Consumer Culture,
10(1), pp. 13–36.
Rosol, M. (2012) Community volunteering as neoliberal strategy? green space production in Berlin, Antipode,
44(1), pp. 239–257.
Sage, C. (2003) Social embeddedness and relations of regard: alternative ‘good food’ networks in South
West Ireland, Journal of Rural Studies, 19(1), pp. 47–60.
Santos, B. de Sousa (2003) The WSF: toward a counter-hegemonic globalisation, in: J. Sen, A. Anand, A.
Escobar and P. Waterman (eds) The World Social Forum: Challenging Empires. New Delhi: Viveka Foundation.
Seyfa ng, G. (2006) Sustainable Consumption, the New Economics and Local Organic Food, CSERGE Working
Paper EDM 06-12. Norwich: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia.
Soler, M., Renting, H., Cuéllar, M. and Calle, Á. (2010) Between food ethics, solidarity and the social
construction of alternative markets: exploring the dimensions of grassroots food movements in Spain,
in: I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer (eds) Building Sustainable Rural Futures: The Added Value of Systems Approaches,
Vienna: BOKU, pp. 1769–1782.
Sonnino, R. and Marsden, T. (2006) Beyond the divide: rethinking relationships between alternative and
conventional food networks in Europe, Journal of Economic Geography, 6, pp. 181–199.
Soper, K. (2007) Re-thinking the ‘Good Life’: the citizenship dimension of consumer disaffection with
consumerism, Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(2), pp. 205–229.
Toffler, A. (1980) The Third Wave. New York: William Morrow.
Tregear, A. (2011) Progressing knowledge in alternative and local food networks: critical reflections and
a research agenda, Journal of Rural Studies, 27(4), pp. 419–430.
Vogl, C., Axmann, P. and Vogl-Lukasser, B. (2003) Urban organic farming in Austria with the concept of
Selbsternte (‘self-harvest’): an agronomic and socio-economic analysis, Renewable Agriculture and Food
Systems, 19(2), pp. 67–79.
Welsh, J. and MacRae, R. (1998) Food citizenship and community food security: lessons from Toronto,
Canada, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 19(4), pp. 237–255.
Whatmore, S., Stassart, P. and Renting, H. (2003) What’s alternative about alternative food networks?,
Environment and Planning A, 35(3), pp. 389–391.
Wilkins, J. (2005) Eating right here: moving from consumer to food citizen, Agriculture and Human Values,
22(3), pp. 269–273.
Wiskerke, J.S.C. (2010) On places lost and places regained: reflections on the alternative food geography
and sustainable regional development, International Planning Studies, 14(4), pp. 369–387.
Wittman, H. (2009) Reworking the metabolic rift: La Vía Campesina, agrarian citizenship, and food sovereignty,
Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(4), pp. 805-826.
Wittman, H., Desmarais, AA. and Wiebe, N. (eds) (2010) Food Sovereignty: Reconnecting Food, Nature and
Community. Oxford: Pambazuka.
Zwick, D., Bonsu, S.K. and Darmody, A. (2008) Putting consumers to work: co-creation and new marketing
governmentality, Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(2), pp. 163–196.
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