Mercado Mundial y Economía Regional. El Café en el Soconusco, México
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Abstract
La historia del Soconusco en los últimos 150 años ha estado ligada al café; y el cultivo del café ha estado desde sus inicios y hasta la actualidad relacionado con el mercado y los capitales extranjeros. En la actualidad sin embargo, se asiste a una rearticulación de esta relación que presenta, además de la tradicional dependencia de los mercados extranjeros, nuevos rasgos, propios de la actual globalización de la economía. En efecto, a un período de regulación del mercado internacional par un Convenio Internacional, ha sucedido una situación de libre mercado acompañada de una caida de los precios. Aunado a lo anterior, dentro de la tendencia mundial a "adelgazar" el Estado, se está desmantelando el aparato estatal de apoyo a la cafeticultura, debilitado por la crisis. El trabajo pretende analizar los efectos de esta situación sobre los diversos actores locales. Pretende por otra parte enseñar las adaptaciones tecnológicas a los nuevos requisitos de la demanda, viendo los impactos de las inovaciones sobre la utilización de mano de obra y la ecología.
Abstract
World Market and Regional Economy: Soconusco's Coffee (Mexico)
For the past 150 years, the Soconusco region's coffee and coffee production have been intertwined with foreign markets and capital. This relationship continues to this day. At the present time, however, we are witnessing a realignment of this linkage which has brought about, besides the traditional dependence on foreign markets, new features associated with economic globalization. Due to this, a regulatory period in the world coffee market, bound by an international agreement, has been followed by a free market situation bringing with it a price breakdown. Concurrently, a reduction in State intervention has meant less support for coffee producers. The following paper has two objectives. First, it will be an attempt to analyze the effects of this situation upon various local actors. Secondly, it will investigate the technological adaptations necessary to meet coffee demands and how these adaptations affect and ultimately exploit labor and the environment.
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