Governing Australia’s Dairy Farm Workforce: A New Terrain for Negotiating Rural Community Sustainability
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Published
Jan 4, 2014
Michael Santhanam-Martin
Ruth Nettle
Abstract
Amidst heightened policy interest in the future of agriculture, there is an emerging new focus on the topic of the farm workforce in Australia. Will agricultural industries have the people – both farm business owners and employees – that they need? While government and industry are focused on the sustainability of production, farm workforce dynamics also intersect with wider economic and social processes in rural communities, an issue of ongoing concern for rural studies scholars. Here we examine currently emerging policy and action on farm workforce issues from a governance perspective, using the dairy industry in the Australian state of Victoria as a case study. Drawing on both governmentality and political science approaches, we explore workforce governance through three overlapping studies: policy-making, farmers’ lived experiences and industry-led collective action. Across the three studies we ask, first, what is revealed about neo-liberal agricultural industry governance and, second, what possibilities the new focus on workforce creates for rural communities concerned about social and economic sustainability. We argue that the farm workforce as a policy object crystallizes the tension between the strongly individualizing discourse of neo-liberalism and the pursuit of public policy objectives framed at the collective scale. If the neo-liberalizing project is understood as a work in progress, then the issue of the farm workforce can be seen as another dilemma to be worked through. In this the roles of collective agents and spaces in both agricultural industries and in communities are critical, making the farm workforce a terrain for innovation in which rural communities can negotiate their interests afresh.
How to Cite
Santhanam-Martin, M. and Nettle, R. (2014) “Governing Australia’s Dairy Farm Workforce: A New Terrain for Negotiating Rural Community Sustainability”, The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food. Paris, France, 21(1), pp. 31–50. doi: 10.48416/ijsaf.v21i1.154.
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References
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Auclai r, E. and Vanoni, D. (2003) The attractiveness of rural areas for young people, in: B. Jentsch and M. Shucksmith (eds) Young People in Rural Areas of Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 74–104
Barr, N. (2004) The Micro-Dynamics of Change in Australian Agriculture 1976–2001. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
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Barr, N., Karunaratne, K. and Wilkinson, R. (2005) Australia’s Farmers: Past, Present and Future. Canberra: Land and Water Australia.
Beilin, R., Hill, S. and Sysak, T. (2011) Where is the coherent response to climate change and peak oil? An examination of policy and practice affecting agriculture in regional Australia, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 18(3), pp. 199–216.
Burch, D. and LawAWrence, G. (2005) Supermarket own brands, supply chains and the transformation of the agri-food system, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(1), pp. 1–18.
Cheshire, L. (2006) Governing Rural Development: Discourses and Practices of Self-help in Australian Rural Policy. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Cheshire, L. and LawAWrence, G. (2005a) Neoliberalism, individualisation and community: regional restructuring in Australia, Social Identities, 11(5), pp. 435–445.
Cheshire, L. and LawAWrence, G. (2005b) Re-shaping the state: global/local networks of association and the governing of agricultural production, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 35–49.
Cheshire, L., Higgi ns, V. and LawAWrence, G. (2007) Rural governance and power relations: theorizing the complexity of state-citizen interactions, in: L. Cheshire, V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Rural Governance: International Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 291–303.
Cocklin, C. and Dibd en, J. (2002) Taking stock: farmers’ reflections on the deregulation of Australian dairying, Australian Geographer, 33(1), pp. 29–42.
Cocklin, C. and Dibd en, J. (eds) (2005) Sustainability and Change in Rural Australia. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Commonwealth of Australia (2007) Skills: Rural Australia’s Need: Inquiry into Rural Skills Training and Research. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Cribb , J. (2010) The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.
Cuervo, H. and Wyn, J. (2012) Young People Making It Work. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
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Dibden, J., Potter, C. and Cocklin, C. (2009) Contesting the neoliberal project for agriculture: productivist and multifunctional trajectories in the European Union and Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 25(3), pp. 299–308.
Farmar-Bowers, Q., Higgi ns, V. and Millar, J. (eds) (2013) Food Security in Australia: Challenges and Prospects for the Future. New York: Springer.
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Garnaut, J. and Lim-App lega te, H. (1998) People in Farming, ABARE Research Report 98.6. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Gill, F. (2011) Responsible agents: responsibility and the changing relationship between farmers and the state, Rural Society, 20(2), pp. 128–141.
Goodwi n, M. (1998) The governance of rural areas: some emerging research issues and agendas, Journal of Rural Studies, 14(1), pp. 5–12.
Gray, D. (2012) Double Agricultural Output: Minister. Published online, accessed 18 February 2013.
Gray, I. and LawAWrence, G. (2001) A Future for Regional Australia: Escaping Global Misfortune. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Griffin, L. (2012) Where is power in governance? Why geography matters in the theory of governance, Political Studies Review, 10(2), pp. 208–220.
Halpin, D. and Guif oyle, A. (2004) Attributions of responsibility: rural neoliberalism and farmers’ explanations of the Australian rural crisis, Rural Society, 14(2), pp. 93–110.
Hattersley, L., Isaa cs, B. and Burch, D. (2013) Supermarket power, own-labels, and manufacturer counterstrategies: international relations of cooperation and competition in the fruit canning industry, Agriculture and Human Values, 30(2), pp. 225–233.
Higgins, V. (2002) Constructing Reform: Economic Expertise and the Governing of Agricultural Change in Australia. Hauppage, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.
Higgins, V. (2005) Governing agriculture through the managerial capacity of farmers: the role of calculation, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 118–132.
Higgins, V. and LawAWrence, G. (2005) Introduction: globalization and agricultural governance, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 1–15.
Higgins, V. and Lockie, S. (2001) Getting big and getting out: government policy, self-reliance and farm adjustment, in: S. Lockie and L. Bourke (eds) Rurality Bites: The Social and Environmental Transformation of Rural Australia. Annandale: Pluto Press, pp. 178–190.
Higgins, V., Dibd en, J. and Cocklin, C. (2008) Neoliberalism and natural resource management: agri-environmental standards and the governing of farming practices, Geoforum, 39(5), pp. 1776–1785.
Hochman, Z., Carberry, P.S., Robertson, M.J., Gaydon, D.S., Bell, L.W. and McIntosh, P.C. (2013) Prospects for ecological intensification of Australian agriculture, European Journal of Agronomy, 44, pp. 109–123.
Hunt, W., Birch, C., Coutts, J. and Vanclay, F. (2012) The many turnings of agricultural extension in Australia, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18(1), pp. 9–26.
Law, J. and Hassard, J. (eds) (1999) Actor Network Theory and After. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Lawrence, G.A. (1987) Capitalism and the Countryside: The Rural Crisis in Australia. Sydney: Pluto Press.
Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K. (2012) Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change, Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp. 30–39.
Linehan, V., Thorpe, S., Andrews, N., Kim, Y. and Beai ni, F. (2012) Food Demand to 2050: Opportunities for Australian Agriculture. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.
Lockie, S. (2009) Agricultural biodiversity and neoliberal regimes of agri-environmental governance in Australia, Current Sociology, 57(3), pp. 407–426.
Lockie, S. and Higgi ns, V. (2007) Roll-out neoliberalism and hybrid practices of regulation in Australian agri-environmental governance, Journal of Rural Studies, 23(1), pp. 1–11.
McManus, P., Walmsley, J., Argent, N., Baum, S., Bourke, L., Martin, J., Pritchard, B. and Sorensen, T. (2012) Rural community and rural resilience: what is important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?, Journal of Rural Studies, 28(1), pp. 20–29.
Nettle, R. and Johnson, R. (2006) A Review of Employment Projects in the Australian Dairy Industry 1998–2006. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
Nettle, R., Oliv er, D., Brig htling, P., Buchanan, J. and Willia mson, J. (2008) From ‘workforce planning’ to ‘collective action’: developments in the Australian dairy farm sector, Employment Relations Record, 8(1), p. 17–33.
Nettle, R., Brig htling, P. and Willia mson, J. (2010) Building capacity in collective action: learning from dairy industry workforce planning and action in Australia, in: I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer (eds) Building Sustainable Rural Futures: The Added Value of Systems Approaches in Times of Change and Uncertainty. Vienna: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
Nettle, R., Brig htling, P. and Hope, A. (2013) How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 19(3), pp. 271–290.
Oldrup, H. (1999) Women working off the farm: reconstructing gender identity in Danish agriculture, Sociologia Ruralis, 39(3), pp. 343–358.
Paine, M. and Nettle, R. (2008) Collaboration in action: the dairy moving forward response to drought, in: B. Dedi eu and S. Zasser-Bedoya (eds) Empowerment of the Rural Actors: A Renewal of Farming Systems Perspectives. Clermont Ferrand: INRA SAD.
Parent, D. (2012) Social isolation among young farmers in Quebec, Canada, in: Producing and Reproducing Farming Systems: New Modes of Organisation for Sustainable Food Systems of Tomorrow, Proceedings of 10th European IFSA Symposium, Aarhus,1–4 July.
Peine, E. and McMichael, P. (2005) Globalization and global governance, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 19–34.
Perkins, D. (2008) Improving employment participation for welfare recipients facing personal barriers, Social Policy and Society, 7(1), pp. 13–26.
Ploeg, J.D. vaVAn der (2008) The New Peasantries: Struggles for Autonomy and Sustainability in an Era of Empire and Globalization. London: Earthscan.
Pritchard, B. (2005a) Implementing and maintaining neoliberal agriculture in Australia. Part 1: Constructing neoliberalism as a vision for agricultural policy, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(1), pp. 1–12.
Pritchard, B. (2005b) Unpacking the neoliberal approach to regional policy: a close reading of John Freebairn’s ‘Economic Policy for Rural and Regional Australia’, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp. 103–112.
Pritchard, B., Argent, N., Baum, S., Bourke, L., Martin, J., McManus, P., Sorensen, A. and Walmsley, J. (2011) Local – if possible: how the spatial networking of economic relations amongst farm enterprises aids small town survival in rural Australia, Regional Studies, 46(4), pp. 539–557.
Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Maindenhead: Open University Press.
Rhodes, R.A.W. (2007) Understanding governance: ten years on, Organization Studies, 28(8), pp. 1243–1264.
Rose, N. and Miller, P. (1992) Political power beyond the state: problematics of government, British Journal of Sociology, 43(2), pp. 173–205.
Rosin, C.J., Stock, P. and Campb ell, H. (eds) (2012) Food Systems Failure: The Global Food Crisis and the Future of Agriculture. New York: Earthscan.
RRC(Rural and Regi onal Committee) (2012) Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce, Final Report. Melbourne: Rural and Regional Committee, Parliament of Victoria.
Santhanam-Martin, M. and Nettle, R. (2012) Will Farm Leasing Change Rural Communities?: Farming Practices and Community Sustainability Implications in an Australian Dairy Region. Published online, accessed 6 November 2012.
Scopelia nos, S. (2013) Coles’ Milk Cartoon Attacked. Published online, accessed 12 February 2013.
Smyth, P., Redd el, T. and Jones, A. (eds) (2005) Community and Local Governance in Australia. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
State of Victoria (2013) Dairy Industry Profile. Published online, accessed 9 July 2013.
Stayner, R. and Reeve, I. (1990) Uncoupling: Relationships between Agriculture and the Local Economies of Rural Areas in New South Wales. Armidale: Rural Development Centre, University of New England.
Stehlik, D. (2009) Intergenerational transitions in rural Western Australia: an issue for sustainability?, in: F. Merlan and D. Raf tery (eds) Tracking Rural Change: Community, Policy and Technology in Australia, New Zealand and Europe. Canberra: Australian National University, pp. 135–150.
Stoker, G. (1998) Governance as theory: five propositions, International Social Science Journal, 50(155), pp. 17 –28.
Terrier, M., Mad elrieux, S. and Dedi eu, B. (2012) Understanding the diversity of farm pathways as a co-evolution between the family organization and the farming system, in: Producing and Reproducing Farming Systems: New Modes of Organisation for Sustainable Food Systems of Tomorrow, Proceedings of 10th European IFSA Symposium, Aarhus,1–4 July.
Tilzey, M. (2006) Neo-liberalism, the WTO and new modes of agri-environmental governance in the European Union, the USA and Australia, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 14(1), pp. 1–28.
Victoria n Government (2011) Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young Farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce: Submission from the Victorian Government. Melbourne: Victorian Government.
Victoria n Government (2012) Victorian Government Response to the Rural and Regional Committee Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young Farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce. Published online, accessed 30 May 2013.
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Alston, M. (2004) Who is down on the farm? Social aspects of Australian agriculture in the 21st century, Agriculture and Human Values, 21(1), pp. 37–46.
Auclai r, E. and Vanoni, D. (2003) The attractiveness of rural areas for young people, in: B. Jentsch and M. Shucksmith (eds) Young People in Rural Areas of Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 74–104
Barr, N. (2004) The Micro-Dynamics of Change in Australian Agriculture 1976–2001. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Barr, N. (2009) The House on the Hill: The Transformation of Australia’s Farming Communities. Canberra: Land and Water Australia.
Barr, N., Karunaratne, K. and Wilkinson, R. (2005) Australia’s Farmers: Past, Present and Future. Canberra: Land and Water Australia.
Beilin, R., Hill, S. and Sysak, T. (2011) Where is the coherent response to climate change and peak oil? An examination of policy and practice affecting agriculture in regional Australia, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 18(3), pp. 199–216.
Burch, D. and LawAWrence, G. (2005) Supermarket own brands, supply chains and the transformation of the agri-food system, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(1), pp. 1–18.
Cheshire, L. (2006) Governing Rural Development: Discourses and Practices of Self-help in Australian Rural Policy. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Cheshire, L. and LawAWrence, G. (2005a) Neoliberalism, individualisation and community: regional restructuring in Australia, Social Identities, 11(5), pp. 435–445.
Cheshire, L. and LawAWrence, G. (2005b) Re-shaping the state: global/local networks of association and the governing of agricultural production, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 35–49.
Cheshire, L., Higgi ns, V. and LawAWrence, G. (2007) Rural governance and power relations: theorizing the complexity of state-citizen interactions, in: L. Cheshire, V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Rural Governance: International Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 291–303.
Cocklin, C. and Dibd en, J. (2002) Taking stock: farmers’ reflections on the deregulation of Australian dairying, Australian Geographer, 33(1), pp. 29–42.
Cocklin, C. and Dibd en, J. (eds) (2005) Sustainability and Change in Rural Australia. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Commonwealth of Australia (2007) Skills: Rural Australia’s Need: Inquiry into Rural Skills Training and Research. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Cribb , J. (2010) The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing.
Cuervo, H. and Wyn, J. (2012) Young People Making It Work. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Dairy Australia (2010) In2Dairy Assistant Farmhand Program – Western Victoria: Business Plan March 2010 to June 2011. Melbourne: Dairy Australia.
Dairy Australia (2011) 2011 Dairy People Factfinder. Melbourne: Dairy Australia.
Dairy Australia (2013a) Dairy 2013 Situation and Outlook. Melbourne: Dairy Australia.
Dairy Australia (2013b) Farmgate Milk Price. Published online
Dibden, J. and Cocklin, C. (2010) Re-mapping regulatory space: the new governance of Australian dairying, Geoforum, 41(3), pp. 410–422.
Dibden, J., Potter, C. and Cocklin, C. (2009) Contesting the neoliberal project for agriculture: productivist and multifunctional trajectories in the European Union and Australia, Journal of Rural Studies, 25(3), pp. 299–308.
Farmar-Bowers, Q., Higgi ns, V. and Millar, J. (eds) (2013) Food Security in Australia: Challenges and Prospects for the Future. New York: Springer.
Foucault, M. (1991) Governmentality, in: G. Burchell, C. Gordon and P. Miller (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 87–104.
Garnaut, J. and Lim-App lega te, H. (1998) People in Farming, ABARE Research Report 98.6. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Gill, F. (2011) Responsible agents: responsibility and the changing relationship between farmers and the state, Rural Society, 20(2), pp. 128–141.
Goodwi n, M. (1998) The governance of rural areas: some emerging research issues and agendas, Journal of Rural Studies, 14(1), pp. 5–12.
Gray, D. (2012) Double Agricultural Output: Minister. Published online
Gray, I. and LawAWrence, G. (2001) A Future for Regional Australia: Escaping Global Misfortune. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Griffin, L. (2012) Where is power in governance? Why geography matters in the theory of governance, Political Studies Review, 10(2), pp. 208–220.
Halpin, D. and Guif oyle, A. (2004) Attributions of responsibility: rural neoliberalism and farmers’ explanations of the Australian rural crisis, Rural Society, 14(2), pp. 93–110.
Hattersley, L., Isaa cs, B. and Burch, D. (2013) Supermarket power, own-labels, and manufacturer counterstrategies: international relations of cooperation and competition in the fruit canning industry, Agriculture and Human Values, 30(2), pp. 225–233.
Higgins, V. (2002) Constructing Reform: Economic Expertise and the Governing of Agricultural Change in Australia. Hauppage, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.
Higgins, V. (2005) Governing agriculture through the managerial capacity of farmers: the role of calculation, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 118–132.
Higgins, V. and LawAWrence, G. (2005) Introduction: globalization and agricultural governance, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 1–15.
Higgins, V. and Lockie, S. (2001) Getting big and getting out: government policy, self-reliance and farm adjustment, in: S. Lockie and L. Bourke (eds) Rurality Bites: The Social and Environmental Transformation of Rural Australia. Annandale: Pluto Press, pp. 178–190.
Higgins, V., Dibd en, J. and Cocklin, C. (2008) Neoliberalism and natural resource management: agri-environmental standards and the governing of farming practices, Geoforum, 39(5), pp. 1776–1785.
Hochman, Z., Carberry, P.S., Robertson, M.J., Gaydon, D.S., Bell, L.W. and McIntosh, P.C. (2013) Prospects for ecological intensification of Australian agriculture, European Journal of Agronomy, 44, pp. 109–123.
Hunt, W., Birch, C., Coutts, J. and Vanclay, F. (2012) The many turnings of agricultural extension in Australia, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18(1), pp. 9–26.
Law, J. and Hassard, J. (eds) (1999) Actor Network Theory and After. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Lawrence, G.A. (1987) Capitalism and the Countryside: The Rural Crisis in Australia. Sydney: Pluto Press.
Lawrence, G., Richards, C. and Lyons, K. (2012) Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change, Journal of Rural Studies, 29, pp. 30–39.
Linehan, V., Thorpe, S., Andrews, N., Kim, Y. and Beai ni, F. (2012) Food Demand to 2050: Opportunities for Australian Agriculture. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.
Lockie, S. (2009) Agricultural biodiversity and neoliberal regimes of agri-environmental governance in Australia, Current Sociology, 57(3), pp. 407–426.
Lockie, S. and Higgi ns, V. (2007) Roll-out neoliberalism and hybrid practices of regulation in Australian agri-environmental governance, Journal of Rural Studies, 23(1), pp. 1–11.
McManus, P., Walmsley, J., Argent, N., Baum, S., Bourke, L., Martin, J., Pritchard, B. and Sorensen, T. (2012) Rural community and rural resilience: what is important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?, Journal of Rural Studies, 28(1), pp. 20–29.
Nettle, R. and Johnson, R. (2006) A Review of Employment Projects in the Australian Dairy Industry 1998–2006. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
Nettle, R., Oliv er, D., Brig htling, P., Buchanan, J. and Willia mson, J. (2008) From ‘workforce planning’ to ‘collective action’: developments in the Australian dairy farm sector, Employment Relations Record, 8(1), p. 17–33.
Nettle, R., Brig htling, P. and Willia mson, J. (2010) Building capacity in collective action: learning from dairy industry workforce planning and action in Australia, in: I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer (eds) Building Sustainable Rural Futures: The Added Value of Systems Approaches in Times of Change and Uncertainty. Vienna: University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences.
Nettle, R., Brig htling, P. and Hope, A. (2013) How programme teams progress agricultural innovation in the Australian dairy industry, Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 19(3), pp. 271–290.
Oldrup, H. (1999) Women working off the farm: reconstructing gender identity in Danish agriculture, Sociologia Ruralis, 39(3), pp. 343–358.
Paine, M. and Nettle, R. (2008) Collaboration in action: the dairy moving forward response to drought, in: B. Dedi eu and S. Zasser-Bedoya (eds) Empowerment of the Rural Actors: A Renewal of Farming Systems Perspectives. Clermont Ferrand: INRA SAD.
Parent, D. (2012) Social isolation among young farmers in Quebec, Canada, in: Producing and Reproducing Farming Systems: New Modes of Organisation for Sustainable Food Systems of Tomorrow, Proceedings of 10th European IFSA Symposium, Aarhus,1–4 July.
Peine, E. and McMichael, P. (2005) Globalization and global governance, in: V. Higgi ns and G. LawAWrence (eds) Agricultural Governance: Globalization and the New Politics of Regulation. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 19–34.
Perkins, D. (2008) Improving employment participation for welfare recipients facing personal barriers, Social Policy and Society, 7(1), pp. 13–26.
Ploeg, J.D. vaVAn der (2008) The New Peasantries: Struggles for Autonomy and Sustainability in an Era of Empire and Globalization. London: Earthscan.
Pritchard, B. (2005a) Implementing and maintaining neoliberal agriculture in Australia. Part 1: Constructing neoliberalism as a vision for agricultural policy, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 13(1), pp. 1–12.
Pritchard, B. (2005b) Unpacking the neoliberal approach to regional policy: a close reading of John Freebairn’s ‘Economic Policy for Rural and Regional Australia’, Geographical Research, 43(1), pp. 103–112.
Pritchard, B., Argent, N., Baum, S., Bourke, L., Martin, J., McManus, P., Sorensen, A. and Walmsley, J. (2011) Local – if possible: how the spatial networking of economic relations amongst farm enterprises aids small town survival in rural Australia, Regional Studies, 46(4), pp. 539–557.
Rhodes, R.A.W. (1997) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability. Maindenhead: Open University Press.
Rhodes, R.A.W. (2007) Understanding governance: ten years on, Organization Studies, 28(8), pp. 1243–1264.
Rose, N. and Miller, P. (1992) Political power beyond the state: problematics of government, British Journal of Sociology, 43(2), pp. 173–205.
Rosin, C.J., Stock, P. and Campb ell, H. (eds) (2012) Food Systems Failure: The Global Food Crisis and the Future of Agriculture. New York: Earthscan.
RRC(Rural and Regi onal Committee) (2012) Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce, Final Report. Melbourne: Rural and Regional Committee, Parliament of Victoria.
Santhanam-Martin, M. and Nettle, R. (2012) Will Farm Leasing Change Rural Communities?: Farming Practices and Community Sustainability Implications in an Australian Dairy Region. Published online
Scopelia nos, S. (2013) Coles’ Milk Cartoon Attacked. Published online
Smyth, P., Redd el, T. and Jones, A. (eds) (2005) Community and Local Governance in Australia. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
State of Victoria (2013) Dairy Industry Profile. Published online
Stayner, R. and Reeve, I. (1990) Uncoupling: Relationships between Agriculture and the Local Economies of Rural Areas in New South Wales. Armidale: Rural Development Centre, University of New England.
Stehlik, D. (2009) Intergenerational transitions in rural Western Australia: an issue for sustainability?, in: F. Merlan and D. Raf tery (eds) Tracking Rural Change: Community, Policy and Technology in Australia, New Zealand and Europe. Canberra: Australian National University, pp. 135–150.
Stoker, G. (1998) Governance as theory: five propositions, International Social Science Journal, 50(155), pp. 17 –28.
Terrier, M., Mad elrieux, S. and Dedi eu, B. (2012) Understanding the diversity of farm pathways as a co-evolution between the family organization and the farming system, in: Producing and Reproducing Farming Systems: New Modes of Organisation for Sustainable Food Systems of Tomorrow, Proceedings of 10th European IFSA Symposium, Aarhus,1–4 July.
Tilzey, M. (2006) Neo-liberalism, the WTO and new modes of agri-environmental governance in the European Union, the USA and Australia, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 14(1), pp. 1–28.
Victoria n Government (2011) Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young Farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce: Submission from the Victorian Government. Melbourne: Victorian Government.
Victoria n Government (2012) Victorian Government Response to the Rural and Regional Committee Inquiry into the Capacity of the Farming Sector to Attract and Retain Young Farmers and Respond to an Ageing Workforce. Published online
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